Fitting Equivalent Lengths and Internal Sizes
Fitting Equivalent Lengths and Internal Sizes
The equivalent lengths of fittings (except user defined fittings) are stored in the program. These lengths depend on the sprinkler code selected for the particular pipe. The values are primarily those specified in AS 2118, NFPA, NZS 4541 and SSCP52, however for quite a number of fittings, data from other sources (where this is allowed by the particular code) are included and these sources are indicated in the extreme right hand column of the tables by a 'source' the legend for which is on each table.
Because the pressure loss in pipe fittings is primarily a dynamic loss i.e. there is very little loss due to friction, the pressure loss (in kPa or p.s.i) of a particular (nominal size) fitting will not vary significantly when installed in a pipe with the same nominal diameter but a slightly different internal diameter. Therefore the equivalent length must be modified to keep the pressure drop the same. If the for the fitting and the pipe are not the same, a correction for this must also be made.
If a fitting is installed in a pipe of different internal diameter or Hazen Williams Coefficient the equivalent lengths must be adjusted to give the same total pressure loss using the following formula:
Where:
D1 = the internal diameter of the pipe, the fitting is installed in.
D2 = the internal diameter of the pipe that the stated equivalent length is based upon
(see table below)
C1 = the Hazen Williams coefficient of the pipe the fitting is installed in.
C2 = the Hazen Williams coefficient of the pipe that the stated equivalent length is based on.
The fittings with equivalent lengths stored in the program and the pipe material and Hazen Williams coefficient that they are assumed to be based on are:
Fittings Base Pipe Material Base HW Coefficient | Fittings | Base Pipe Material | Base HW Coefficient | |:--------------------:|:----------------------------------------------:|:-------------------:| | Screwed (steel) | NFPA -Schedule 40 Steel (AS40) | 120 | | | Other codes – AS1074 & BS1387(ASAM) | 120 | | Valves, etc. (steel) | NFPA -Schedule 40 Steel (AS40) | 120 | | | Other codes – AS1074 & BS1387(ASAM) | 120 | | Flanged or socketed | All codes – American Unlined Cast Ductile Iron | 100 |
NFPA Fittings - SE, TT, etc
The equivalent lengths listed in NFPA are for fittings when installed in Schedule 40 steel pipe.
When installed in Steel and Unlined Cast Iron Pipes eqn B-01 applies with:
D2 = the internal diameter of the shedule 40 steel pipe.
C2 = 120
When installed in all other pipes (including lined Cast Iron, Copper, CPVC, and user defined pipe materials.) no diameter correction is made to the screwed steel fittings (SE, TT, etc) or the gate valves and check valves because, strictly speaking, these fittings (and their equivalent lengths) do not apply for these other pipe materials. In the absence however, of any other readily available data they can be taken as an approximation. That is, it can be assumed, for example, that the equivalent length of a steel screwed elbow in an AS40 steel pipe is approximately the same as for a copper elbow in a copper pipe.
The Hazen Williams correction of (Cpipe/CBASE)1.85 is however made, where Cpipe is the Hazen Williams coefficient for the pipe and CBASE is the base Hazen Williams coefficient from the table above.
The diameter correction is applied by the program for NFPA to all steel fittings except NFPA13D steel fittings.
AS2118, NZS4541 and SSCP52 Fittings – SE, TT, etc.
In the other codes the program applies the same correction for screwed steel fittings but using the diameter of Australian Medium Steel in lieu of Schedule 40 for D2, up to 150mm.
In all other pipes only the Hazen Williams correction is made.
Flanged or Socket Fittings (E1 to C4)
The basis of the equivalent lengths for these fittings cannot be confirmed so it is assumed they are based on American unlined Cast Iron pipe diameters and a Hazen Williams coefficient of 100.
In Steel Pipes
When installed in steel pipes eqn B-01 applies with:
D2 = the internal diameter of American unlined cast iron pipe (this data originating from the USA).
C2 = 100
For SSCPP52 C.I. no diameter correction is made and C2 = 120 (lined cast iron pipe)
In Unlined Cast Iron Pipes
In unlined cast iron pipes no diameter correction is made , only the Hazen Williams correction is applied using eqn B-01
In all other Pipes
When installed in all other pipes (including lined Cast Iron, Copper, CPVC etc.) it is again assumed that the fitting diameter is the same as the pipe and only the Hazen Williams correction is made.
For SSCP52 C.I. Cement Lined fittings the appropriate values from this code are used with no diameter correction applied, but a H&W Correction is made based on C2 = 120.
Note that although the diameter correction above is made for screwed, flanged or socketed fittings in both steel and cast ductile iron pipes it is recommended that the user gives careful thought to the validity of using screwed fittings with ductile iron pipes and flanged or socketed fittings with steel pipes. The entry of copper or PVC fittings with steel or ductile iron pipes or steel or ductile iron fittings with copper or PVC pipes should be treated with caution as this may compromise the accuracy of the results.
User Defined Fittings
If any other fitting type is required to be used (e.g. a lined ductile iron fitting) the above correction does not apply and the user must enter the equivalent lengths as User Defined Fittings.
When entering this data the user can also select the material code and the HW Coefficient that this data is based on. The program will then apply the above diameter & HW Coefficient corrections. For example, if the user has data for cast iron cement lined fittings (as distinct from unlined fittings) then this would be entered with a pipe code of say C150 or if the user has entered their own pipe diameter data, the code for this can be entered. However if the base pipe material code is entered as NONE then the fitting equivalent lengths will be taken as the same no matter which pipe material is being used. Hence the fitting pressure loss will not be fixed & will be a function of the internal diameter of the pipe it is installed in.
Note again however that the inclusion of user defined fittings in pipes of a material other than that on which the fitting equivalent lengths are based upon, should be avoided or at least given careful thought.
The uncorrected equivalent lengths used by the program are as listed in the following tables:
For AS2118 - Commercial
| Fittings | 20 | 25 | 32 | 40 | 50 | 65 | 80 | 90 | 100 | 125 | 150 | 200 | 225 | 250 | 300 | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Screwed Fittings - based on Medium Wt Steel pipe to AS1074 up to 150mm and ANSI Sch 40 above (HW Coef 120) | ||||||||||||||||
| Stand Elbows | E1, SE | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 2.1 | 2.4 | 3.0 | 3.7 | 4.3 | 5.5 6.10* | 6.7 | 8.2 | 1 |
| 45° Elbow | E2, HE | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 2.1 | 2.7 3.05* | 3.4 | 4.0 | 1 |
| Long Rad. Elbow | LE | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 2.4 | 2.7 | 4.0 4.45* | 4.9 | 5.6 | 1 |
| Tees 90° turn T1-T4,TT | 0.9 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 2.4 | 3.0 | 3.7 | 4.6 | 5.2 | 6.1 | 7.6 | 9.1 10.7 11.95 15.2 18.3 | 1 | ||||
| & Crosses | C1- C4 | 597.3 | 746.26 | |||||||||||||
| Tees straight through | ] | ] | ||||||||||||||
| - non-reducing | TN | ] | No Loss | |||||||||||||
| - reduced ½ | TR | ] | ||||||||||||||
| Valves etc - based on Medium Wt Steel pipe to AS1074 up to 150mm and ANSI Sch 40 above (HW Coef 120) | ||||||||||||||||
| Gate Valve | GV | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 1.2 1.35* | 1.5 | 1.8 | 1 |
| Check (swing) | CV | 1.5 | 2.1 | 2.7 | 3.4 | 4.3 | 4.9 | 5.8 | 6.7 | 8.2 | 9.8 13.7 15.2* 16.8 19.8 | 1 | ||||
| Alarm (swing) | AV | 1.5 | 2.1 | 2.7 | 3.4 | 4.3 | 4.9 | 5.8 | 6.7 | 8.2 | 9.8 13.7 | 16.8 19.8 | 1 | |||
| Check (Butterfly) | BV | 1.8 | 2.1 | 3.0 3.35* | 3.7 | 2.7 | 3.0 | 3.7 | 4.75 | 5.8 | 6.8 | 1 | ||||
| Mushroom V. | MV | 18.0 | 30.0 45.0 | 60.0 | 1 | |||||||||||
| Dry Pipe V. | DV | 0.03 0.06 | 0.15 0.46 1.07 | 3.05 3.66 | 5.49 6.10 9.14 | 4 | ||||||||||
| Strainer | SR | 0.03 0.12 | 0.23 0.76 1.83 | 5.18 6.10 | 9.14 10.7 12.2 21.3 | 4 | ||||||||||
| Angle Valve | NV | 3.4 | 4.0 | 5.5 | 6.4 | 8.2 | 9.8 | 12.2 14.3 | 16.8 | 18.3 25.0 32.0 38.1 44.2 | 51.8 5 | |||||
| Globe Valve | LV | 6.1 | 7.6 10.4 12.5 16.2 18.6 | 24.4 27.4 | 30.8 | 36.6 48.8 64.0 76.2 88.4 103.7 5 |
Legend for Source Code: 1 = AS 2118
4 = Data included by Municipal Hydrauli
For AS2118 - Domestic
Nominal Fitting Size (mm) | Fittings | | 20 | 25 | 32 | 40 | 50 | |-----------------|----|------|------|------|------|------| | All Elbows | ME | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | | All Tees | MT | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | | Gate Valve | MG | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | | Check Valve | MC | 1.0 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 2.4 | | Butterfly Valve | MB | | | | | 1.8 | | Strainer | MS | | | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.8 | | Water Meter | MW | 23.0 | 31.0 | 66.0 | 35.0 | 55.0 | Source: AS2118 Note: the values for a water meter are approximate only and are an equivalent length based on the typical pressure drop values in the code assuming steel pipe. If the meter is in a copper pipe the program modifies these to give the approximately same pressure drop.
For NFPA Commercial Equivalent Lengths (feet) Used by Program for NFPA Commercial (NFPA13 & 13R)
Nominal Diameter of Fitting (in) | Fittings | | 0.5 | 0.75 | 1.0 | 1.25 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 2.5 | 3.0 | 3.5 | 4.0 | 5.0 | 6.0 | Source | |------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----|:-------:|:----:|:---:|:----:|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|:------:| | Screwed Fittings based on Schedule 40 steel pipe to ASTM A-153, A-795 (HWCoef 120) | SSH | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Stand elbow | SE | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 10 | 12 | 14 | 2 | | 45° turn elbow | HE | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 7 | 2 | | Long radius elbow LE 0.5 | | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | | 3 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 9 | 2 | | Tee 90° turn | TT | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 12 | 15 | 17 | 20 | 25 | 30 | 2 | | Tees straight | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | through | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | -non reducing | TN | No Loss | | | | | | | | | | | | | | -reduced l/2 | TR | No Loss | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Valves etc based on Schedule 40 steel pipe to ASTM A-153, A-795 (HWCoef 120) | Fittings | | 0.5 | 0.75 | 1.0 | 1.25 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 2.5 | 3.0 | 3.5 | 4.0 | 5.0 | 6.0 | Source | |-----------------|----|:---:|:----:|:----:|:----:|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|:----:|:---:|:----:|:------:| | Gate Valve | GV | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | | Check Valve | CV | | | 5 | 7 | 9 | 11 | 14 | 16 | 19 | 22 | 27 | 32 | 2 | | Globe Valve | LV | 16 | 20 | 25 | 34 | 41 | 53 | 61 | 80 | 90 | 101 | 120 | 160 | 5 | | Angle Valve | NV | 8 | 11 | 13 | 18 | 21 | 27 | 32 | 40 | 47 | 55 | 60 | 82 | 5 | | Butterfly Valve | BV | | | | | | 6 | 7 | 10 | 11* | 12 | 9 | 10 | 4 | | Alarm Valve | AV | | | 0.05 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 1.2 | 3 | 8 | 10 | 12 | 15 | 20 | 4 | | Mushroom Valve | MV | | | | | | | | | | 42.1 | | 70.2 | 1 | | Drypipe Valve | DV | | | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 1.5 | 3.5 | 10 | 12 | 18 | 20 | 30 | 4 | | Strainer | SR | | | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 2.5 | 6.0 | 17 | 20 | 30 | 35 | 40 | 4 |
Flanged or socket (slip) fittings based on Unlined Cast Iron pipe to ANSI/AWWA(HW 100) | Fittings | | 0.5 | 0.75 | 1.0 | 1.25 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 2.5 | 3.0 | 3.5 | 4.0 | 5.0 | 6.0 | Source | |-----------|----|:---:|:----:|:---:|:----:|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|:-----:|:---:|:------:| | 90° elbow | E1 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 3 | 0.5 | 1.5 | 3.5 | 10 | 12 | 18 | 20 | 30 | 4 | | 45° elbow | E2 | 3 | 3.5 | 4 | 3 | 0.4 | 2.5 | 6.0 | 17 | 20 | 30 | 35 | 40 | 4 | | Tee | T1 | | | | | | | | | | 11 | 14 | 17 | 3 | | Tee | T2 | | | | | | | | | | 9 | 11.5 | 14 | 3 | | Tee | T3 | | | | | | | | | | 14 | 18 | 22 | 3 | | Tee | T4 | | | | | | | | | | 11 | 14 | 17 | 3 | | Cross | C1 | | | | | | | | | | 12 | 16 | 20 | 3 | | Cross | C2 | | | | | | | | | | 10 | 13 | 16 | 3 | | Cross | C3 | | | | | | | | | | 13 | 17 | 21 | 3 | | Cross | C4 | | | | | | | | | | 11 | 14 | 17 | 3 |
Nominal Diameter of Fitting (in) | Fittings | | 6.0 | 8.0 | 9.0 | 10.0 | 12.0 | 14.0 | 15.0 | 16.0 | 18.0 | 20.0 | 22.0 | 24.0 | Source | |-----------------------|-----|:-------:|:---:|:-----:|:----:|:----:|:----:|:-----:|:----:|:----:|:----:|:----:|:----:|:------:| | tand elbow | SE | 14 | 18 | 20 | 22 | 27 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 38 | | | | 2 | | 45° turn elbow | HE | 7 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 13 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 20 | | | | 2 | | Long radius elbow | LE | 9 | 13 | 14. | 5 | 16 | 18 | | | | | | | 2 | | Tee 90° turn | TT | 30 | 35 | 42.5 | 50 | 60 | 65 | 67.5* | 70 | 80 | | | | 2 | | Tees straight through | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | -non reducing | TN | No Loss | | | | | | | | | | | | | | -reduced l/2 | TR | No Loss | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Valves etc based on Schedule 40 steel pipe to ASTM A-153, A-795 (HW Coef 120) | Fittings | | 6.0 | 8.0 | 9.0 | 10.0 | 12.0 | 14.0 | 15.0 | 16.0 | 18.0 | 20.0 | 22.0 | 24.0 | Source | |-----------------|----|:----:|:---:|:-----:|:----:|:----:|:----:|:-----:|:----:|:----:|:----:|:----:|:----:|:------:| | Gate Valve | GV | 3 | 4 | 4.5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6.5 | 7 | 8 | | | | 2 | | Check Valve | CV | 32 | 45 | 50 | 55 | 65 | 70 | 72.5 | 75 | 85 | | | | 2 | | Globe Valve | LV | 160 | 210 | 250 | 290 | 340 | | | | | | | | 5 | | Angle Valve | NV | 82 | 105 | 125 | 145 | 170 | | | | | | | | 5 | | Butterfly Valve | BV | 10 | 12 | 15.5* | 19 | 21 | | | | | | | | 4 | | Alarm Valve | AV | 20 | 32 | | | | | | | | | | | 4 | | Mushroom Valve | MV | 70.2 | 105 | | 140 | | | | | | | | | 1 | | Drypipe Valve | DV | 30 | | | | | | | | | | | | 4 | | Strainer | SR | 40 | 70 | | | | | | | | | | | 4 |
Flanged or socket (slip) fittings based on Unlined Cast Iron pipe to ANSI/AWWA(HW Coef 100) | Fittings | | 6.0 | 8.0 | 9.0 | 10.0 | 12.0 | 14.0 | 15.0 | 16.0 | 18.0 | 20.0 | 22.0 | 24.0 | Source | |-----------|----|:---:|:---:|:---:|:----:|:----:|:----:|:-----:|:----:|:----:|:----:|:-----:|:----:|:------:| | 90° elbow | E1 | 10 | 13 | | 17 | 21 | 25 | 26.5 | 28 | 32 | 36 | 40 | 44 | 3 | | 45° elbow | E2 | 4 | 6 | | 7 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 14 | 15 | 16.5 | 18 | 3 | | Tee | T1 | 17 | 24 | | 30 | 37 | 44 | 47.5 | 51 | 58 | 65 | 72.5 | 80 | 3 | | Tee | T2 | 14 | 19 | | 24 | 30 | 35 | 38 | 41 | 47 | 52 | 58 | 64 | 3 | | Tee | T3 | 22 | 30 | | 39 | 48 | 57 | 61 | 65 | 75 | 84 | 93.5 | 103 | 3 | | Tee | T4 | 17 | 24 | | 30 | 37 | 44 | 47.5 | 51 | 58 | 65 | 72.5 | 80 | 3 | | Cross | C1 | 20 | 28 | | 36 | 44 | 53 | 57.5 | 62 | 70 | 79 | 88.5 | 98 | 3 | | Cross | C2 | 16 | 22 | | 28 | 34 | 41 | 44.5 | 48 | 54 | 61 | 68.5 | 76 | 3 | | Cross | C3 | 21 | 29 | | 38 | 47 | 56 | 60.5 | 65 | 74 | 83 | 93 | 103 | 3 | | Cross | C4 | 17 | 24 | | 31 | 39 | 46 | 50 | 54 | 61 | 69 | 77* | 85 | 3 |
Legend for Source:
1 = AS 2118
2 = NFPA up to 12 inch and reference 3 beyond 12 inch
3 = Data from Automatic Sprinkler Corporation of America.
4 = Data included by Municipal Hydraulics
5 = Crane Co. Catalogue No. 41
- indicates interpolated values
Screwed Fittings based on Schedule 40 steel pipe to ASTM A-153, A-795 (HWCoef 120)
Screwed Fittings based on Schedule 40 steel pipe to ASTM A-153, A-795 (HWCoef 120) | Fittings | | 0.5 | 0.75 | 1.0 | 1.25 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 2.5 | 3.0 | 3.5 | 4.0 | 5.0 | 6.0 | Source | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----|---------|------|-----|------|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|--------| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Stand elbow | SE | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 10 | 12 | 14 | 2 | | 45° turn elbow | HE | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 7 | 2 | | Long radius elbow | LE | 0.5 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 9 | 2 | | Tee 90° turn | TT | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 12 | 15 | 17 | 20 | 25 | 30 | 2 | | Tees straight | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | through | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | -non reducing | TN | No Loss | | | | | | | | | | | | | | -reduced l/2 | TR | No Loss | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Valves etc based on Schedule 40 steel pipe to ASTM A-153, A-795 (HWCoef 120) | Fittings | | 0.5| 0.75| 1.0 | 1.25| 1.5 | 2.0 | 2.5 | 3.0 | 3.5 | 4.0 | 5.0 | 6.0 | Source | | Gate Valve | GV | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | |-----------------|----|----|----|------|-----|----------|-----|-----|----|-----|------|-----|------|---| | Check Valve | CV | | | 5 | 7 | 9 | 11 | 14 | 16 | 19 | 22 | 27 | 32 | 2 | | Globe Valve | LV | 16 | 20 | 25 | 34 | 41 | 53 | 61 | 80 | 90 | 101 | 120 | 160 | 5 | | Angle Valve | NV | 8 | 11 | 13 | 18 | 21 | 27 | 32 | 40 | 47 | 55 | 60 | 82 | 5 | | Butterfly Valve | BV | | | | | | 6 | 7 | 10 | 11* | 12 | 9 | 10 | 4 | | Alarm Valve | AV | | | 0.05 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 1.2 | 3 | 8 | 10 | 12 | 15 | 20 | 4 | | Mushroom Valve | MV | | | | | | | | | | 42.1 | | 70.2 | 1 | | Drypipe Valve | DV | | | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 1.5 | 3.5 | 10 | 12 | 18 | 20 | 30 | 4 | | Strainer | SR | | | | 0.1 | 0.4 0.75 | 2.5 | 6.0 | 17 | 20 | 30 | 35 | 40 | 4 |
For NFPA13D
Equivalent Lengths (feet) Used by Program for NFPA13D | | | | | HW Coefficient = 120 | | | | | | | HW Coefficient = 150 | | | | |-------------------|----|------|-----|:-------------------------:|-----|-----|---|---|----|------|:-------------------------:|------|-----|-----| | | | | | Steel | | | | | | | Copper | | | | | | | | | Nominal Fitting Size (in) | | | | | | | Nominal Fitting Size (in) | | | | | Description | | 0.75 | 1.0 | 1.25 | 1.5 | 2.0 | | | | 0.75 | 1.0 | 1.25 | 1.5 | 2.0 | | Fittings | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Stand 90° Elbow | DS | 2 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 5 | | | XS | 3.0 | 3.0 | 4.5 | 6.0 | 7.0 | | 45° turn Elbow | DH | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | | | XH | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 3.0 | 3.0 | | Long radius elbow | DL | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | | | XL | 1.5 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 4.5 | | Tee 90° Branch | D2 | 3 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 10 | | | X2 | 4.5 | 7.5 | 9.0 | 12 | 15 | | Tee Straight Thru | D3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | | | X3 | 1.5 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 4.5 | 4.5 | | Valves | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Check | DC | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 8 | | | XC | 4.5 | 7.5 | 11 | 14 | 17 | | Gate | DG | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | | | XG | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | | Globe | DB | 21 | 28 | 35 | 43 | 57 | | | XB | 32 | 42 | 53 | 65 | 86 | | Angle | DN | 10 | 12 | 15 | 18 | 24 | | | XN | 15 | 18 | 23 | 27 | 36 | | Globe "Y" | DY | 11 | 15 | 18 | 22 | 28 | | | XY | 17 | 23 | 27 | 33 | 42 | | Cock | DK | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | | | XK | 4.5 | 6.0 | 7.5 | 9.0 | 11 | Source: NFPA 13D single & two family dwellings, 1994
For NZ4541 - Commercial Equivalent Lengths (metres) used by Program for NZ4541 - Commercial Nominal Diameter of Fitting (mm) | Fittings | | 15 | 20 | 25 | 32 | 40 | 50 | 65 | 80 | 90 | 100 | 125 | 150 | Source | |--------------------|----------------|:----:|:---:|:----:|:----:|:----:|:----:|:----:|:----:|:-----:|:----:|:----:|:----:|:------:| | Bends and Tees | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Stand Elbows | SE, HE, E1, E2 | 0.46 | 0.6 | 0.75 | 0.96 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 1.95 | 2.4 | 2.7 | 3.0 | 3.8 | 4.5 | 6 | | Bends | LE | 0.23 | 0.3 | 0.38 | 0.48 | 0.6 | 0.75 | 0.98 | 1.2 | 1.35 | 1.5 | 1.9 | 2.3 | 6 | | Tees into branch | TT | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | T1 - T4, C1 - C4 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Valves | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Gate Valve | GV | | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 1 | | Check V. | CV | | | 1.5 | 2.1 | 2.7 | 3.4 | 4.3 | 4.9 | 5.8 | 6.7 | 8.2 | 9.8 | 1 | | Alarm V.(swing) | AV | | | 1.5 | 2.1 | 2.7 | 3.4 | 4.3 | 4.9 | 5.8 | 6.7 | 8.2 | 9.8 | 1 | | Butterfly | BV | | | | | | 1.8 | 2.1 | 3.0 | 3.35* | 3.7 | 2.7 | 3.0 | 1 | | Mushroom V. | MV | | | | | | | | | | 18.0 | | 30.0 | 1 | | Dry Pipe V. | DV | | | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.15 | 0.46 | 1.07 | 3.05 | 3.66 | 5.49 | 6.10 | 9.14 | 4 | | Strainer | SR | | | 0.03 | 0.12 | 0.23 | 0.76 | 1.83 | 5.18 | 6.10 | 9.14 | 10.7 | 12.2 | 4 | | Angle Valve | NV | 2.4 | 3.4 | 4.0 | 5.5 | 6.4 | 8.2 | 9.8 | 12.2 | 14.3 | 16.8 | 18.3 | 25.0 | 5 | | Globe Valve | LV | 4.9 | 6.1 | 7.6 | 10.4 | 12.5 | 16.2 | 18.6 | 24.4 | 27.4 | 30.8 | 36.6 | 48.8 | 5 |
Nominal Diameter of Fitting (mm) | Fittings | | 150 | 200 | 225 | 250 | 300 | 350 | 375 | 400 | 450 | 500 | 600 | Source | |--------------------|----------------|------|:----:|:-----:|:----:|:-----:|:----:|:-----:|:----:|:----:|:----:|:----:|:------:| | Bends and Tees | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Stand Elbows | SE, HE, E1, E2 | 4.5 | 6.0 | 6.8 | 7.5 | 9.0 | 10.5 | 11.3 | 12.0 | 13.5 | 15.0 | 18.0 | 6 | | Bends | LE | 2.3 | 3.0 | 3.4 | 3.8 | 4.5 | 5.25 | 5.6 | 6.0 | 6.75 | 7.5 | 9.0 | 6 | | Tees into branch | TT | 9.0 | 12.0 | 13.5 | 15.0 | 8.0 | 21.0 | 22.5 | 24.0 | 27.0 | 30.0 | 36.0 | 6 | | T1 - T4, C1 - C4 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Valves | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Gate Valve | GV | 0.9 | 1.2 | 1.35 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 1,83 | 1.98 | 2.13 | 2.44 | | | 1 | | Check V. | CV | 9.8 | 13.7 | 15.2* | 16.8 | 19.8 | 21.3 | 22.1 | 22.9 | 25.9 | | | 1 | | Alarm V.(swing) | AV | 9.8 | 13.7 | | 16.8 | 19.8 | | | | | | | 1 | | Butterfly | BV | 3.0 | 3.7 | 4.75 | 5.8 | 6.8 | | | | | | | 1 | | Mushroom V. | MV | 30.0 | 45.0 | | 60.0 | | | | | | | | 1 | | Dry Pipe V. | DV | 9.14 | | | | | | | | | | | 4 | | Strainer | SR | 12.2 | 21.3 | | | | | | | | | | 4 | | Angle Valve | NV | 25.0 | 32.0 | 38.1 | 44.2 | 51.8 | | | | | | | 5 | | Globe Valve | LV | 48.8 | 64.0 | 76.2 | 88.4 | 103.7 | | | | | | | 5 |
Legend for Source Code 1 = AS 2118,
4 = Data included by Municipal Hydraulics,
5 = Crane Co. Catalogue No. 41,
6 = NZS 4541
Note: CPCV Fittings are not covered by NZS 4541 but if used, NFPA equivalent lengths are assumed.
For SSCP52 - Commercial Equivalent Lengths (metres) used by Program for SSCP52: 2004 - Commercial Nominal Diameter of Fitting (mm)
| Type | Code | 20 | 25 | 32 | 40 | 50 | 65 | 80 | 90 | 100 | 125 | 150 | 200 | 225 | 250 | 300 | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fittings- based on Medium Wt Steel pipe to AS1074 up to 150mm and ANSI Sch 40 above (HW Coef 120) | |||||||||||||||||
| Stand.Elbow | E1, SE | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 2.1 | 2.4 | 3.0 | 3.7 | 4.3 | 5.5 | 6.10 | 6.7 | 8.2 | 7 |
| L.R.Elbow | LE | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 2.4 | 2.7 | 4.0 | 4.45 | 4.9 | 5.5 | 7 |
| 45° Elbow | E2, HE | 0.3 | 0,3 | 0,3 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 2.1 | 2.7 | 3.05 | 3.4 | 4.0 | 7 |
| Tees 90° turn and Crosses | T1-4,TT C1-4 | 0.9 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 2.4 | 3.0 | 3.7 | 4.8 | 5.2 | 6.1 | 7.6 | 9.1 | 10.7 | 11.95 | 15.2 | 18.3 | 7 |
| Tee St Thru | TN, TR | No loss | |||||||||||||||
| Valves- based on Medium Wt Steel pipe to AS1074 up to 150mm and ANSI Sch 40 above (HW Coef 120) | |||||||||||||||||
| Gate Valve | GV | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 1.35* | 1.5 | 1.8 | 1 |
| Check (swing) | CV | 1.5 | 2.1 | 2.7 | 3.4 | 4.3 | 4.9 | 5.8 | 6.7 | 8.2 | 9.8 | 13.7 | 15.2* | 16.8 | 19.8 | 7 | |
| Alarm (swing) | AV | 1.5 | 2.1 | 2.7 | 3.4 | 4.3 | 4.9 | 5.8 | 6.7 | 8.2 | 9.8 | 13.7 | 16.8 | 19.8 | 7 | ||
| Mushroom | MV | 18.0 | 30.0 | 45.0 | 60.0 | 7 | |||||||||||
| Check (Butterfly) | BV | 1.8 | 2.1 | 3.0 | 3.35* | 3.7 | 2.7 | 3.0 | 3.7 | 4.75 | 5.8 | 6.4 | 7 | ||||
| Dry Pipe Valve | DV | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.15 | 0.46 | 1.07 | 3.05 | 3.66 | 5.49 | 6.10 | 9.14 | 4 | |||||
| Strainer | SR | 0.03 | 0.12 | 0.23 | 0.76 | 1.83 | 5.18 | 6.10 | 9.14 | 10.7 | 12.2 | 21.3 | 4 | ||||
| Angle Valve | NV | 3.4 | 4.0 | 5.5 | 6.4 | 8.2 | 9.8 | 12.2 | 14.4 | 16.8 | 18.3 | 25.0 | 32.0 | 38.1 | 44.4 | 51.8 | 5 |
| Globe Valve | LV | 6.1 | 7.6 | 10.4 | 12.5 | 16.2 | 18.6 | 24.4 | 27.4 | 30.8 | 36.6 | 48.8 | 64.0 | 76.2 | 88.4 | 103.7 | 5 |
Legend for Source: 1 = AS 2118
4 = Data included by Municipal Hydraulics
5 = Crane Co. Catalogue No. 41,
7 = SSCP52 Note: CPCV Pipes and Fittings are not covered by SSCP52 but if used, NFPA equivalent lengths are assumed.
For GB50084 Equivalent Lengths (metres) used by Program for Chinese GB 50084 - 2001 Nominal Fitting Size (mm)
| Fitting | Code | 25 | 32 | 40 | 50 | 70 | 80 | 100 | 125 | 150 | 200 | 250 | 300 | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stand Elbows | SE | 0.6 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 2.1 | 3.1 | 3.7 | 4.3 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 8.0 | 7&8 |
| 45° Elbow | HE | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 2.1 | 2.7 | 3.3 | 4..0 | 7&8 |
| Tees/Crosses 90° | TT | 1.5 | 1.8 | 2.4 | 3.1 | 3.7 | 4.6 | 6.1 | 7.6 | 9.2 | 10.7 | 15.3 | 18.3 | 7&8 |
| Check (Butterfly) | BV | 1.8 | 2.1 | 3.1 | 3.7 | 2.7 | 3.1 | 3.7 | 5.8 | 6.4 | 7&8 | |||
| Gate Valve | GV | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 7&8 | |||
| Check | CV | 1.5 | 2.1 | 2.7 | 3.4 | 4.3 | 4.9 | 6.7 | 8.3 | 9.8 | 13.7 | 16.8 | 19.8 | 7&8 |
| Reducer (one size) | RD | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 7 | |||
| U Strainer | US | 12.3 | 15.4 | 18.5 | 24.5 | 30.8 | 36.8 | 49.0 | 61.2 | 73.5 | 98.0 | 122.5 | 8 | |
| Y Strainer | YS | 11.2 | 14.0 | 16.0 | 22.4 | 28.0 | 33.6 | 46.2 | 57.4 | 68.6 | 91.0 | 113.4 | 9 |
Legend for Source Code:
7 = Chinese GB 50084 – 2001 up to 150 mm, 200 to 300 mm are Ref 8
8 = Chinese Handbook of Fire Protection
For CPVC Nominal Diameter of Fitting ( in) | Code | Fitting | 3/4 | 1 | 1 1/4 | 1 1/2 | 2 | 2 1/2 | 3 | |:----:|:----------------------:|:---:|:-:|:-----:|:-----:|:--:|:-----:|:--:| | PL | Long Radius Elbow 90° | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 8 | | PS | Short Radius Elbow 90° | 7 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 11 | 12 | 13 | | PH | Elbow 45° | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 4 | | P2 | Tee Branch | 3 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 12 | 15 | | P3 | Tee Run | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | | PC | Coupling | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
Source: IPEX Inc Toronto Canada
For NFPA750 Equivalent Lengths (feet) Used by Program for NFPA750
| 1/4” | 3/8 | 1/2 | 3/4 | 1.0 | 1.1/4 | 1.1/2 | 2.0 | 2.1/2 | 3.0 | 3.1/2 | 4.0 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Smooth bore copper fittings (C=150) | |||||||||||||
| KE | 90° Elbow | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 2.5 | 3.0 | 4.0 | 5.5 | 7.0 | 9.0 | 9.0 | 12.5 |
| KH | 45° Elbow | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 2.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 5.0 |
| KT | Tee Branch | 1.0 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 3.0 | 4.5 | 5.5 | 7.0 | 9.0 | 12.0 | 15.0 | 14.0 | 21.0 |
| KN | Tee S.Thru | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| KP | Coupling | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| KL | Ball Valve | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| KG | Gate Valve | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | 0.5 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 2.0 |
| KB | B'fly Valve | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | 7.5 | 10.0 | 15.5 | ---- | 16.0 |
| KC | Check Valve | 1.0 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 3.0 | 4.5 | 5.5 | 6.5 | 9.0 | 11.5 | 14.5 | 12.5 | 18.5 |
Screwed copper fittings (C=150) JE 90° Elbow JH 45° Elbow JT Tee Branch JN Tee S.Thru JP Coupling ----------- Twice values for smooth bore fittings ------ JL Ball Valve JG Gate Valve JB B'fly Valve JC Check Valve
For AS4587 | Smooth bore copper fittings (C=150) | | Nominal Diameter of Fitting (mm) | | | | | | | | | | | |-------------------------------------|-------------|:--------------------------------:|:----:|:----:|:----:|:----:|:----:|:----:|:----:|:----:|:----:|:----:| | Code | Fitting | 8 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 32 | 40 | 50 | 65 | 80 | 100 | | KE | 90° Elbow | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.31 | 0.61 | 0.76 | 0.91 | 1.22 | 1.68 | 2.13 | 2.74 | 3.81 | | KH | 45° Elbow | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.31 | 0.31 | 0.46 | 0.61 | 0.76 | 1.07 | 1.52 | | KT | Tee Branch | 0.31 | 0.46 | 0.61 | 0.91 | 1.37 | 1.68 | 2.13 | 2.74 | 3.66 | 4.57 | 6.00 | | KN | Tee S.Thru | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.31 | 0.31 | | KP | Coupling | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.31 | 0.31 | | KL | Ball Valve | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | ---- | ---- | ---- | | KG | Gate Valve | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | 0.15 | 0.31 | 0.46 | 0.61 | | KB | B'fly Valve | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | 2.29 | 3.05 | 4.72 | 4.88 | | KC | Check Valve | 0.31 | 0.46 | 0.61 | 0.94 | 1.37 | 1.68 | 1.98 | 2.74 | 3.51 | 4.42 | 5.64 |
Screwed copper fittings (C=150) JE 90° Elbow JH 45° Elbow JT Tee Branch JN Tee S.Thru JP Coupling --------- Twice values for smooth bore fittings ---- JL Ball Valve JG Gate Valve JB B'fly Valve JC Check Valve
For all HDPE Pipes
L/D Ratios for Fittings Used by Program for High Density Polyethylene Pipes to AN/NZS 4130 (C=150)
T | Code | Description | L/D Ratio | Code | Description | L/D Ratio | |-------------------------|-------------------------------|-----------|--------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------|-----------| | Threaded Bends and Tees | | | Fabricated Bends and Tees to AN/NZS 4130 (C=140) | | | | HSE | 90 deg threaded Bend | 37 K | F1E90 | 90 deg Fabricated 1 section | 60 P | | HHE | 45 deg threaded Bend | 20 K | F2E90 | 90 deg Fabricated 2 sections | 30 P | | HTT | Threaded Tee Branch | 75 K | F3E90 | 90 deg Fabricated 3+ sections | 24 P | | HTN | Threaded Tee Straight Through | 25 K | F2E60 | 60 deg Fabricated 2+ sections | 16 P | | Moulded Bends | | | F1E60 | F1E60 60 deg Fabricated 1 section | 25 P | | MHE | 45 deg Moulded Bend | 21 K | F1P45 | 45 deg Fabricated 1 section | 12 P | | MSE | 90 deg Moulded R/D 1.5 | 40 K | F2P45 | 45 deg Fabricated 2+ sections | 15 P | | Welded Bends and Tees | | | F1E15 | 15 deg Fabricated 1 section | 6 P | | WSE | 90 deg Sharp Welded Bend | 69 K | F1E30 | 30 deg Fabricated 1+ sections | 8 P | | WE1 | 90 deg Welded Elbow R/D=1 | 23 K | Valves and Strainer | | | | WE15 | 90 deg Welded Elbow R/D=1.5 | 17 K | HLV | Globe Valve fully open | 340 P | | WE2 | 90 deg Welded Elbow R/D=2 | 14 K | HGV | Gate Valve fully open | 9 P | | WHE1 | 45 deg Welded Elbow R/D=1 | 17 K | HBLF | Ball Valve Full Bore | 3.3 K | | WHE15 | 45 deg Welded Elbow R/D=1.5 | 12 K | HBLR | Ball Valve Reduced Bore | 31 K | | SQWT | Square Welded Tee Str.Branch | 87 K | HBV | Butterfly Valve | 40 P | | WTT | Rad.Welded Tee Branch | 60 K | HCV | Swing Check Valve | 135 P | | WTN | Rad.Welded Tee Straight Thru | 20 K | HDCV | Wafer Disk Check Valve | 530 K | | | | | HNV | Angle Valve | 145 P | | | | | HLCV | Lift Check Valve | 700 K | | | | | HSTR | Strainer | 300 P |
Source: K Katmar Software, P Plastic Piping Institute
For all Stainless Steel Tubing
L/D Ratios for Fittings Used by Program for Stainless Steel Tube | 90° Elbow | SSE | 38 | Gate Valve | SGV | 7 | |------------|-----|:--:|-------------|:---:|:--:| | 45° Elbow | SSH | 15 | Check Valve | SCV | 62 | | L.R. Elbow | SLE | 27 | B'fly Valve | SBV | 58 | | Tee Branch | STT | 63 | Coupling | SCP | 4 | Source: NFPA750
Values of equivalent length in the tables with an asterisk are interpolated values.